Compliance

Introducing the Intermediary

Sara Barclay Intermediary , ,

There are many tools in Guernsey’s Anti-Money Laundering and Combatting Terrorist Financing framework (“AML/CTF”) that can be used to allow customers to access the financial services and products as efficiently and effectively as possible. One of the most interesting and often wrongly utilised of these tools is the intermediary route and I would like to try to de-mystify this tool for you.

An Intermediary is a Financial Service Business (“FSB”) who enters in to a business relationship with you on behalf of its client or clients. The FSB must meet the provisions as stipulated in The Handbook for Financial Services Business on Countering Financial Crime and Terrorist Financing (“the Handbook”) at chapter 6. For example the FSB must be either an Appendix C business or a wholly owned subsidiary vehicle of an Appendix C Business, a wholly owned pension trustee subsidiary vehicle of an Appendix C Business and Lawyers or Estate Agents operating in Guernsey for the purposes of purchasing Guernsey real estate, though the funds must have been received by a bank operating in an Appendix C jurisdiction or Guernsey Bank.

Not all FSB’s who are Appendix C businesses can be an Intermediary and it relates to the products and services that are sought and the type of FSB who requires these products and services, these are listed in the Handbook and chapter 6. It must be stressed for Fiduciaries that they can only be Intermediaries if they are licensed under the Regulation of Fiduciaries, Administration Businesses and Company Directors, etc. (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 2000.

Where you have deemed that the FSB meets the requirements of the Handbook and is an Intermediary you can obtain reduced Customer Due Diligence. The Intermediary must confirm to you in writing that it has appropriate risk grading processes to differentiate between high and low risk clients, that it has effective policies and procedure to identify and verify Politically Exposed Person’s and obtain enhanced due diligence. The Intermediary must provide you with sufficient rationale in order that you can understand the purpose and the nature of the proposed business relationship and most importantly that Intermediary will only operate the account. You must assess that the Intermediary can undertake these obligations and requirements throughout the course of the business relationship.

When assessing an intermediary relationship I believe the key is who is authorised to provide you with instructions. If it is the underlying customer or customers who can provide you with instructions you have an introducer relationship and not an intermediary relationship. Where this is the case you must cease to treat the intermediary as such and obtain the required due diligence on the underlying customer or customers.

The current framework in Guernsey does not allow for Prescribed Businesses such as Guernsey Advocates to utilise the intermediary route, is this right? Advocates when conducting or preparing for transactions generally do so for other Appendix C Law firms, who must comply with international standards in AML/CTF. The Guernsey Advocates are generally acting on instructions from an Appendix C Law firm in preparing for transactions that are occurring outside Guernsey but involve Guernsey legal bodies, such as the issue of shares for a Guernsey entity listed on the AIM market or the purchase of a property held in a Guernsey legal body. The Appendix C law firm’s customer may not even be aware that a Guernsey Advocate firm is or has been engaged to assist or prepare for the transaction. I would contend that there is an argument that this route be opened up for Advocates to allow for the efficient and cost-effective provision of legal services to the international community and assist with promoting Guernsey as a destination for business and also for the use of Guernsey legal bodies.

Introducer Certificates the Pro’s and Con’s

Sara Barclay Introducer Certificates , , , , , , , , ,

Does anyone else find it so frustrating to constantly provide client due diligence when accessing financial services products or even when accessing legal services?  Is this constant due diligence treadmill stopping us and potentially our clients from accessing products and services?  I personally feel that this is unfortunately the case and in some cases I am aware that this has caused clients to utilise other jurisdictions or miss out on investment or business opportunities.  I believe that there is a solution to this which could add to the attraction of Guernsey as a place to do business as well as allowing clients greater access to the products and services that can be offered.

The current solution is that the regulated or registered business can if the introducer meets the requirements of an Appendix C business, utilise the introducer regime as stipulated by the Guernsey Financial Services Commissions (GFSC).  This allows the registered or regulated business to rely on a certificate confirming identity while promising that the due diligence they hold and maintain meets the Guernsey requirements and will be provided when requested from the regulated or registered business.  The regulated or registered business then has to test the introducer throughout the life of the business relationship, to ensure that the introducer can meet the obligations of the introducer certificate and that the due diligence does meets the Guernsey standards. The unfortunate downfall of this system is that sometimes an introducer won’t adhere to the obligations of the introducer certificate or requirements of the rules governing due diligence in Guernsey leaving the regulated or registered business with quite a headache, and remedial work to undertake.

Where an introducer provides clients to regulated or registered business by the use of introducer certificate, for example an IFA providing 300 clients to invest in various Funds at a Guernsey Fund provider, the introducer can become disillusioned with Guernsey and the regulated or registered business when year on year they receive requests to provide the copies of due diligence for a selection of these clients introduced by them.  This is a burdensome process for the introducer, taking them away from their business, only to provide documentation for which they can not necessarily recover the cost from their client.  Unfortunately some will not want to or be willing to keep their obligations, leading to problems for the regulated or registered business.  The solution to this problem is to undertake a 100% testing programme where copies are provided to the receiving regulated or registered business with the introducer form.  There is only the need to periodically on a risk based approach go back to the introducer to confirm that the clients details have not changed during the life of the business relationship, such as the address, and if the details have changed that the copies of the updated due diligence are provided.  Undertaking this approach allows the regulated or registered business potentially less risk as the due diligence will already have been assessed and deemed suitable at the start of the business relationship and less risk of the introducer not subsequently meeting or adhering to their obligations by not providing the required due diligence. This allows for beneficial relationships to develop between the regulated or registered business and the enhancement of Guernsey as a place to do business.

Where clients have a business relationship with a regulated or registered business that is over a period of years, rather than a one off legal transaction where the business relationship is only for a matter of days or weeks.  If the introducer sells these clients during the course of the business relationship to another provider or is taken over, new introducer certificates will have to be obtained by the registered or regulated business or the clients will need to provide due diligence in order that the rules of the GFSC can be met.  Therefore I would always recommend for these longer term business relationships that due diligence is obtained rather than relying on the introducer certificate.

The rules issued by the GFSC state that clients who are introduced cannot then be introduced again by the regulated or registered business e.g. no introducer chains.  This can lead to the issues of a regulated or registered business unknowingly becoming involved in an introducer chain and having then to obtain the client due diligence, which can have an adverse effect on the business relationship with the client and the relationship with the introducer.  This also has the potential for higher cost to the client or loss of earnings by not being able to access an investment product to take advantage of price and in the worst case scenario the client may miss the investment opportunity altogether.

But what if Guernsey could offer a due diligence depository overseen by a regulating authority subject to stringent audits? Just think if clients provided their due diligence to this depository who then ensured that it met the regulatory standards, could this avoid altogether the need to obtain copies of due diligence or have a testing programme?  This depository could then provide registered or regulated businesses with an introducer certificate which would be more reliable and there would be less potential of unknowingly becoming part of an introducer chain or finding out the introducer was unable to meet its obligations. Could this reduce compliance cost to a regulated business and make Guernsey more competitive, the Jurisdiction of choice? Clients would be able to access products and services offered by other regulated or registered business with ease and certainty without suffering from the due diligence treadmill. Why stop at just offering this service to local registered and regulated businesses why not take an international approach and service other jurisdictions.  This could then lead to an enhancing of our economy while diversifying it at the same time.  We have all the right ingredients in Guernsey to undertake this opportunity we just need the political want to do this. But until my utopia happens please think carefully about the use of introducer certificates, sometimes it is actually easier and more beneficial for a registered or regulated business to get original due diligence and can save time money and cost in man hours to undertake the monitoring and any remedial work.

Getting the right fit for the BRA

Sara Barclay Business Risk Assessment, Compliance Monitoring , , , , , ,

Being the holiday season its time to sit back relax and take stock of all that has happened in 2013. Time for any Compliance professional to take stock of the year and to review the key business documents of a licensee and assess if they remain fit for purpose or need to be enhanced.

One such document that requires to be reviewed at least annually is the Business Risk Assessment (BRA) to ensure it is fit for the regulatory framework and the Licensee.  The BRA though is a document  that licensees struggle with and the Guernsey Financial Services Commission (Commission) constantly find as deficient. What lessons can we learn that will allow our 2014 BRA’s to be fit for the licensee and for the rules and regulations?

Essentially the BRA is a high level overarching document that the Board of a licensee must have in place. It evidences what the business is about, identifies the risks associated with its products and services, clients and the jurisdictions that it undertakes business in or through. The Commission have commented on how these documents tend to fall short of the mark, being generic, over simplified and not representative of the licensee.

Whenever I re-draft or assist a licensee with a BRA I take the approach of creating a document that tells the story of the licensee ensuring that it flows into the policies, procedures and forms. I use the BRA to create the framework from which the licensee’s policies and the procedures enlarge upon and stipulate the full requirements of the licensee requirements and the regulatory framework.

My BRA’s look at what the licensee business plan is, the Money Laundering, Bribery and Corruption and Terrorist Financing (ML/BC/TF) risks that the business is exposed to from following its business plan. I then look at how the licensee will mitigate the risks by the implementation of its policies, periodic reviews and training. How it will differentiate its high risk’s from its low risk’s to ensure that a risk based approach can be applied successfully and cost effectively. My BRA’s look at how the Board will be kept informed of the ML/BC/TF risks and what their responsibilities are, from ensuring policies and staff are sufficient to  how they will review the existing and new business.

Licensees often complain that I am stating the obvious in my BRA’s, that the BRA will not stop a criminal or terrorist and so add little to no value to a business. The BRA is not about stopping criminals but assisting in their identification and prevention of a licensee being an unwitting conduit for them, criminals will always seek to abuse the financial system to their own ends. Unfortunately though licensees will be unknowingly utilised by criminals and they, their clients and insurers may suffer reputation loss and in the worst cases material loss. A licensee can never negate these risks in all cases, though the BRA does allow a business to protect itself, and so adds value.

We live in a contentious and litigious society, it is now not the case that a crime has to have been committed, but has a licensee done enough to reduce the possibility of a crime occurring or to protect against being a conduit in a crime as required by the regulatory framework.  The Commission whether on a regulatory visit or dare I say it, when things have gone wrong and Lawyers and Advocates are involved they will review the BRA intently to assess if a licensee has acted recklessly by not assessing or identifying the risks posed by their business. It goes without saying that a licensee who has considered in-depth the risks posed by the business activities and the preventative measures that they have employed (stating the obvious) is going to be treated more sympathetically than a business who did not evidence their consideration of the risks that they faced.

There have been numerous regulatory cases over the last few years that were not about ML/BC/TF having occurred but that licensee’s did not have suitable and sufficient policies or information at hand for the Board or the MLRO to consider and mitigate the risks posed and inherent in their business.  If you need help in assessing or redrafting your BRA the Commission has guidance on what they deem are the minimum requirements. You can ask Consultants to review your BRA and provide suggestions if required. You can simply ask around your fellow peers to see if they can assist or provide guidance.

It must be remembered that the Board of a licensee must take full responsibility and can’t contract out of their responsibility for having a suitable BRA. The Board and the MLRO must ensure that the BRA is fit for purpose and identifies and mitigates the risks while evidencing the preventative measures, and most importantly meets the regulatory requirements. The Compliance professional is only there to suggest what they believe is suitable in how the Licensee has evidence the consideration of the risks that it faces.

Over the course of 2013 a licensee’s business, the risks posed by clients,  products and services it offers inclusive of the jurisdiction that they are associated with or their clients are associated with will have changed.  Now is the perfect time to take stock of the current status of the licensee, its future intentions and go forward in to 2014 with the risk duly considered and mitigated.

Merry Christmas one and all.